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According to the Smithsonian Institute, there are 1511  active volcanoes across the globe, and many more dormant ones that could recharge at any moment.  2!R2  s *3`0 ` R2   s *3 p H  0޽h ? ̙33 aY0 (     6@fԔ`  [When tectonic plates collide " 2!X  01` Like earthquakes, volcanoes form at weak-points in the Earth s crust, known as 'fault-lines'.  _ 2]!  0-1`b |@When two tectonic plates collide, the event can provide the catalyst for volcanic activity. As one section slides on top of the other, the one beneath is pushed down into the mantle. Water trapped in the crust can cause reactions within the mantle. Why? Well, it s thought that when the water mixes with the mantle, it lowers the mantle's melting point, and the solid mantle melts to form a liquid, known as  magma   2!R2  s * R2  s *P pPH  0޽h ? ̙33v &@(    0xf1`@  XUnder increasing pressure " 2!  63Ԕ fSince liquid rock is less dense than solid rock, magma begins to rise through the Earth s crust. It forces its way up, melting surrounding rock and increasing the amount of magma  2!  6( Ԕp  d(Magma only stops rising when the pressure from the rock layer above it becomes too great. It gathers below the Earth s surface in a  magma chamber  2!(  6Ԕ0  When the pressure increases in the chamber, the crust finally gives way and magma spews out onto the Earth s surface forming a volcano. When it reaches the surface, magma becomes known as  lava  2!R2  s *3@ R2  s *0 0 H  0޽h ? ̙33 80P(  n  6fԔ`(  Volcanic eruptions vary in intensity and appearance depending on two factors: the amount of gas contained in the magma its viscosity  how runny it is In general, the explosive eruptions come from high gas levels and high viscosity in the magma. Whilst lava floes result from magmas with low gas levels and low viscosity \I 2N%%,%!!  6tԔ `$  xOver millions of years, lava and ash from eruptions might build up to form a mountainous volcano like Mt Etna in Italy.  y 2w!H  0޽h ? ̙33r`} 3$ )A( / 00DTimes New Roman?|dv 0|( 0|DVerdanaw Roman?|dv 0|( 0|" DComic Sans MSn?|dv 0|( 0|B0DSymbolans MSn?|dv 0|( 0| ` .  @n?" dd@  !"#$%&'՜.+,0<     On-screen Show Manor Farmh=  Times New RomanVerdanaComic Sans MSSymbolDefault DesignPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint POh+'0 `h  PowerPoint PresentationRichard John BriggsRichard John Briggs3chMicrosoft PowerPointon@C9t@ @,LGlg  .& &&#TNPP2OMi & TNPP &&TNPP    --- !---&G&ww@ CwCw w0- &Gy& & H-f-E----C--& @"Verdana@ CwCw w0- f.2 6 Volcanoes .&$d-3-h(----j*--& f@BComic Sans MS CwCw w0- .Z2 47Without doubt, erupting volcanoes are the most awesome "           . .[2 48and terrifying sights in nature. 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